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Comparison of gamma ray non-destructive assay measurement techniques
Several techniques based on gamma-ray measurements are commonly available for both Safeguards measurements and Non- Destructive Assay (NDA) of radionuclides including Special Nuclear Material, including plutonium and uranium. The techniques discussed here are referred to as: “ISO-CART”, “QED”, “SGS” and “TGS”; some include shielded chambers for the lowest activity measurements.
RadSearch Technical Note
RadSearch is a gamma radiation detection device based on medium-resolution gamma ray spectroscopy (MRGS). It is a real time, self-contained, portable instrument that can be deployed by one person in less than 10 minutes.
This technical note describes the operation of RadSearch.
Profile of ANTECH
A short profile of ANTECH activities and capabilities, including details of the different applications for ANTECH products.
Automated Measurement System for Plutonium in 3013 Containers
Ma14b John A. Mason, Kevin J. Burke, Tom M. B. Jennings, Marc R. Looman, David J. Maina, Lawrence V. Odell, Adam J. Poundall, Antony C. N. Towner, Graeme H. Wood, Erik Lindburg, E. Ray Martin, Katherine B. Mejias and Curtis C. Keener, “Design, Development And Testing Of An Automated Measurement System For The Assay Of Plutonium In 3013 Containers”, Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, July 20 – 24, 2014. (14-A-362-INMM)
Calorimeter: Drum
Ma15 John A. Mason, Charles Bonner, Kevin J. Burke, Lynn Foster, Lawrence V. Odell, James M. Pecos, Barry. M. Scott, Antony C. N. Towner, Michael J. West and Graeme H. Wood, “Design and Testing of a Sensitive Heat-Flow Calorimeter for Measuring Radioactive Waste in 55-Gallon (US) Drums”, WM2015 Conference, March 15–19, 2015, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM15-15334)
Calorimeter: General
Ma82 J. A. Mason, “The Use of Calorimetry for Plutonium Assay”, UKAEA Report SRDP-R100, Safeguards R & D Project December 1982. (SRDP_R100)
Ma90 J. A. Mason, M. Cuypers, S. Guardini and D. Tirelli, “Field Trails of the JRC Ispra (EURATOM) Plutonium Assay Calorimeter”, Proceedings of INMM90, Los Angeles, July 1990.
Lo90 J. N. Lowe and J. A. Mason, “Development and Application of a Low Power Transportable Calorimeter for Plutonium Assay”, Proceedings of INMM90, Los Angeles, July 1990.
Ma91c J. A. Mason, “Development of the AWE(A) NMM Transportable Plutonium Assay Calorimeters”, Proceedings of INMM91, New Orleans, July 1991.
Jo93 A. C. Jones, J. C. Vickery, R. W. Wilde, J. A. Mason and N. Bainbridge, “Calorimeter Signal Noise Analysis and Sample Power Prediction Improvement”, Proceedings of INMM93, Scottsdale, Arizona, July 1993.
Ma93c J. A. Mason and N. Bainbridge, “Development of a Demountable In-Line Plutonium Calorimeter”, Proceedings of INMM93, Scottsdale, Arizona, July 1993.
Ma93d J. A. Mason, N. Bainbridge and G. Verrecchia, “The Use of Calorimetry for Small Sample Plutonium Mass Determination”, Proceedings of the 15th ESARDA Symposium on Safeguards and Nuclear Materials Management, Rome, Italy, May 1993.
Ma95c J. A. Mason and M. L. Thornton, “Electrical and Heat Standard Calibration of Calorimeters for Plutonium and Tritium Measurement”, Proceedings of the 17th ESARDA Symposium on Safeguards and Nuclear Materials Management, Acchen, May 1995.
Ma97c J. A. Mason, J. G. Fleissner, J. L. Valdez, G. Campbell and J. West, “High Precision Large Sample Plutonium Calorimetry Measurements”, Proceedings of INMM97, Phoenix, Arizona, July 1997.
Download: Ma82-The-Use-of-Calorimetry-for-Plutonium-Assay 2.05 MB
Download: Ma90-Field-Trials-of-the-JRC-Ispra-EURATOM-Plutonium-Assay-Calorimeter 210.24 KB
Download: Ma91c-Development-of-the-AWEA-NMM-Transportable-Plutonium-Assay-Calorimeters 251.86 KB
Download: Jo93-Calorimeter-Signal-Noise-Analysis-and-Sample-Power-Prediction-Improvement 277.86 KB
Download: Ma93c-Development-of-a-Demountable-In-Line-Plutonium-Calorimeter 181.64 KB
Download: Ma93d-The-Use-of-Calorimetry-for-Small-Sample-Plutonium-Mass-Determination 191.19 KB
Download: Ma97c-High-Precision-Large-Sample-Plutonium-Calorimetry-Measurements 289.1 KB
Calorimeter: Isothermal
ANTECH Model CP264-0420 (formerly P200) Isothermal Calorimeter.
Ma91a J. A. Mason, N. Bainbridge and S. Guardini, “Improved End-Point Prediction in Isothermal Calorimetry”, Proceedings of 13th ESARDA Symposium on Safeguards and Nuclear Material Measurement, Avignon, France, May 1991.
Ma91b J. A. Mason, “Advances in Isothermal Calorimetry for Plutonium Assay”, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Facility Operations – Safeguards Interface, Albuquerque, New Mexico, September 1991.
Ma92a J. A. Mason, N. Bainbridge, J. A. Cookson and B. Metcalfe, “Calorimetry Methods for Nuclear Waste Measurement”, Proceedings of 14th ANNUAL ESARDA MEETING, Salamanca, Spain, May 1992.
Ma92b J. A. Mason, “JRC Isothermal Plutonium Calorimeter and Improved Measurement Prediction”, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Calorimetry, JRC Ispra, Perla Laboratory, March 1992.
Ma03a J. A. Mason, A. C. N. Towner, B. M. Scott, K. J. Burke and A. C. Tolchard, “Isothermal Calorimeters Applied to the Measurement of Plutonium Residues for Plant Post Operational Clean-out”, Proceedings of ICEM03, Examination School, Oxford, England, September 2003. (ICEM03-4657)
Ma14a J. A. Mason, Kevin J. Burke, Tom M. B. Jennings, Curtis C. Keener, Katherine B. Mejias, Barry. M. Scott, Antony C. N. Towner and Graeme H. Wood, “Design and Performance of a Sensitive Multi-Mode Calorimeter for Single Cell Isothermal or Single and Twin Cell Heat-Flow Measurements of Plutonium or Tritium-14003”, Proceedings of WM2014 Symposium, March 2 – 6, 2014, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM14-14003)
Download: Ma91a-Improved-End-Point-Prediction-in-Isothermal-Calorimetry4 154.16 KB
Download: Ma91b-Advances-in-Isothermal-Calorimetry-for-Plutonium-Assay4 225.65 KB
Download: Ma92a-Calorimetry-Methods-for-Nuclear-Waste-Measurement4 206.29 KB
Download: Ma92b-JRC-Isothermal-Plutonium-Calorimeter-and-Improved-Measurement-Prediction4 163.22 KB
Calorimeter: Large Volume Twin Cell Heat-flow (HFCal)
ANTECH Model 400HF-5300. [Now ANTECH Model CHF400-5300]
Ma09a J. A. Mason, K. J. Burke, N. J. Challacombe, A. R. Packman and A. C. N. Towner, Design and Operation of a Large Volume Twin Cell Heat-flow Calorimeter for the Measurement of both Tritium and Plutonium Samples, Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management, Tucson, Arizona, USA, July 2009. (09-LA-565-INMM)
Ma12b J. A. Mason, K. J. Burke and A. C. N. Towner, Characteristics and Performance of a Large Volume Twin Cell Heat-flow Calorimeter for Plutonium and Tritium Measurement, Proceedings of INMM12, Orlando, Florida, July 2012. (12-A-359-INMM)
Kn14a C. Knott, A. Provenzano, A. Roffey “Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Large Volume Twin Cell Heat-Flow Calorimeters for Tritium Assay”, Metal Chemistry Group, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, UK, Ocotber 2014
Calorimeter: Small sample
Ta11 H. Tagziria and P. Schillebeeckx, Determining the mass of nuclear and radionuclide samples by radiometric calorimetry, Proceedings of 33rd ESARDA Annual Meeting, Budapest, Hungary, May 2011. (N100[6])
Calorimeter: Tritium
Va92 G. Vassallo and J. A. Mason, “Calorimetry at the European Tritium Handling Experimental Laboratory”, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Calorimetry, JRC Ispra, Perla Laboratory, March 1992.
Th93 M. I. Thornton, G. Grassi and G. Vassallo, “Tritium Calorimetry in Ethel”, Proceedings of the 3rd ETHEL-TLK Workshop on Tritium Technology and Safety, Karlsruhe, May 2013.
We07 D. S. West, K. J Frame, J. Thompson, L. O. Ticknor, Evaluation of a new tritium calorimeter at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory. (LA-UR-07-5904)
Download: Va92-Calorimetry-at-the-European-Tritium-Handling-Experimental-Laboratory 144.21 KB
Download: Th93-Tritium-Calorimetry-in-ETHEL 494.07 KB
Download: We07-Evaluation-of-a-New-Tritium-Calorimeter-at-Los-Alamos-National-Laboratory 157.02 KB
Combined calorimetry, neutron coincidence counting and gamma spectrometry system
Ab06 S. Abousahl, H. Ottmar, P. van Belle, Th. van Vuure, K. Burke, J. Mason, A. Tolchard, A. Towner, A combined calorimetry, neutron coincidence counting and gamma spectrometry system (CANEGA) for enhanced plutonium mass and isotopic assay, Symposium on International Safeguards: Addressing Verification Challenges, Vienna, Austria, October 2006. (IAEA-CN-148-84[4])
Combined Neutron and Gamma Fissile Assay System
Bu15 Kevin J. Burke, Darius Ancius, Asam Chaudry, Richard D. Gunn, Marc R. Looman, David J. Maina, John A. Mason, Douglas Paton, Antony C. N. Towner and Graeme H. Wood, “Design and Testing of a Combined Neutron and Gamma Assay System for Measuring Fissile Material in Fuel and Waste Items”, WM2015 Conference, March 15–19, 2015, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM15-15340)
Far Field Gamma Monitor
Lo15 Marc R. Looman, Erik Lindburg, E. Ray Martin, John A. Mason, Lawrence V. Odell, Matt Piotrowski, Adam Poundall, Antony C. N. Towner and Zhang Wei, “Design and Performance Testing of a Novel Far Field Gamma System to Assay Radioactive Waste in 400 and 200 litre Drums”, WM2015 Conference, March 15–19, 2015, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM15-15339)
Ma15b J. A. Mason and M. R. Looman, “Measurement Issues with Radioactive Waste Drums Containing Heterogeneous Matrices and Non-Uniform Activity Distributions”, Proceedings of INMM15, July 2015, Indian Wells, CA, USA. (15-LA-523-INMM)
Gamma ray counter for confirmatory measurements of large boxes and objects (B25 and SWB boxes)
ANTECH Model G3700-B25 Waste Segregation Gamma Box Scanner.
Ma09b J. A. Mason, R. A. Price, E. R. Martin, T. P. Donohoue and M. Rhodes, Design and Operation of a Gamma ray Detector System for Confirmatory Measurements of Large Boxes and Objects, Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management, Tucson, Arizona, USA, July 2009. (09-LA-567-INMM)
Glovebox decontamination and decommissioning
ANTECH Glovebox Decontamination and Decommissioning Service.
Pa13a D. Pancake, C. M. Rock, R. Creed, T. Donohoue, E. R. Martin, J. A. Mason, C. J. Norton, D. Crosby and T. J. Nachtman, “A Novel and Cost Effective Approach to the Decommissioning and Decontamination of Legacy Glove Boxes: Minimizing TRU Waste and Maximizing LLW Waste – 13634”, WM2013 Conference, February 24 – 28, 2013, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM13-13634)
High activity counting of fuel element debris, spent fuel and Remote Handled (RH) waste
ANTECH Model G3651 Fuel Element Debris Monitor.
Ma12a J. A. Mason, K. J. Burke, M. R. Looman, A. C. N. Towner and M. E. Phillips, “Development, Testing and Validation of a Waste Assay System for the Measurement and Characterisation of Active Spent Fuel Element Debris from UK MAGNOX Reactors”, WM2012 Conference, February 26 – March 1, 2012 Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM12-12533a)
See also Ma12c.
Laundry Monitor for Nuclear Power Stations
Li14 Erik Lindberg, Richard DelPizzo, Tom Donohoue, Ryan Lee, Marc R. Looman, E. Ray Martin and John A. Mason, “Implementation and Performance Testing of a Sensitive Bulk Laundry Monitor for Use in Nuclear Power Stations -14004”, Proceedings of WM2014 Symposium, March 2 – 6, 2014, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM14-14004)
Measurement of NORM and Radioactive Soil
St16 Robin Strange, John Mason, Chris Hannon, Nick Chambers, Lynn Cooper, Marc Looman, Lawrence Odell, Tom Jennings, David Maina, Antoine Libens and Michael West, “Design and Development of an Automated Instrument for Measuring Radioactivity in an Excavator Bucket”, WM2016 Conference, March 6 – 10, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM16-16246)
Neutron multiplicity counting and Neutron Time Correlation Analyser (TCA)
ANTECH Model N1003 Neutron Time Correlation Analyser.
Pe91 B. Pedersen, W. Hage, J. A. Mason, “Neutron Multiple Correlation Analysis Method Applied to the Assay of Radioactive Waste”, Proceedings of the 13th Annual Symposium on Safeguards and Nuclear Material Management, Avignon, France, May 1991.
Ha93a W. Hage, B. Pedersen, V. Vocino and J. A. Mason, “Development State of the Triple Neutron Correlation Technique by the FactMorial Moment Method at JRC Ispra”, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Passive Neutron Coincidence Counting, JRC Ispra, Perla Laboratory, April 1993.
Ha93b W. Hage, B. Pedersen, L. Bondár, M. Swinhoe and F. W. Ledebrink, “Triple Neutron Correlation for MOX Waste Assay”, Proceedings of the ANS Annual Meeting & ANS Tropical Meeting on National Critical Technologies – Advanced Technology Applications, San Diego, California, June 1993.
Ma93a J. A. Mason, L. Bondar, W. Hage, B. Pedersen, M. Swinhoe and E. W. Ledebrink, “The Assay of Pu by Neutron Multiplicity Counting Using Period and Signal Trigger Methods”, Proceedings of INMM93, Scottsdale, Arizona, July 1993.
Ma93b J. A. Mason, L. Bondar, W. Hage and B. H. Pedersen, “The Advantages of Neutron Multiple Correction Analysis”, Proceedings of the 15th ESARDA Symposium on Safeguards and Nuclear Materials Management, Rome, Italy, May 1993.
Ma97a J. A. Mason, W. Hage, J. G. Fleissner and B. H. Pedersen, “Assay of Plutonium by Neutron Multiplicity Counting using the Neutron Time Correlation Analyser”, Proceedings of INMM97, Phoenix, Arizona, July 1997.
Download: Ha93b-Triple-Neutron-Correlation-for-MOX-Waste-Assay 99.85 KB
Download: Ma93b-The-Advantages-of-Neutron-Multiple-Correction-Analysis 242.28 KB
Passive Neutron Drum Monitor
ANTECH Model N2221-220 (formerly 2200) Passive Neutron Drum Monitor and ANTECH Model N2223-220 (formerly 2203) High Efficiency Passive Neutron Drum Monitor.
Ma95a J. A. Mason, L. Bondar, W. Hage and B. H. Pedersen, “Neutron Multiplicity Drum Monitor using the Time Correlation Analyser”, Proceedings of the 17th ESARDA Symposium on Safeguards and Nuclear Materials Management, Aachen, May 1995.
Ma95b J. A. Mason, W. Hage and B. H. Pedersen, “Neutron Multiplicity Drum Monitor”, Proceedings of INMM95, Palm Desert, California, July 1995.
Ma97b J. A. Mason, W. Hage, J. G. Eleissner and B. H. Pedersen, “Absolute Measurements of Waste using a Neutron Multiplicity Drum Monitor”, Proceedings of INMM97, Phoenix, Arizona, July 1997.
To03 A. C. Tolchard, M. R. Looman and J. A. Mason, “A Very High Efficiency Neutron Counter for the Measurement of Plutonium in Decommissioning Wastes”, Proceedings of ICEM03, Examination School, Oxford, England, September 2003. (ICEM03-4659)
Download: Ma95a-Neutron-Multiplicity-Drum-Monitor-using-the-Time-Correlation-Analyser 176.34 KB
Download: Ma95b-Neutron-Multiplicity-Drum-Monitor 275.98 KB
Download: Ma97b-Absolute-Measurements-of-Waste-using-a-Neutron-Multiplicity-Drum-Monitor 222.25 KB
Radioactive Waste Measurement Services & Decommissioning
Low Level Waste/Transuranic Waste (LLW/TRU) Sorting-Segregation and LLW Characterisation.
Do12 Tom Donohoue, E. Ray Martin, John A. Mason, Ty Blackford, Michael Cahill, Michael Estes and William Jasen, “Low Level and Transuranic Waste Segregation and Low Level Waste Characterization at the 200 Area of the Hanford Site”, WM2012 Conference, February 26 – March 1, 2012, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM12-12424a)
Cr15 Richard Creed, Tom Donohoue, Erik Lindberg, Marc R. Looman, E. Ray Martin, John A. Mason, Daniel Pancake, Cynthia Rock and Douglas J. Walraven, “Radiometric Characterization Process for Locating Radioactivity Hold-up and Measuring Non-uniformly Distributed Sources”, WM2015 Conference, March 15–19, 2015, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM15-15342)
Cr16 Rich Creed, John A. Mason, Doug Walraven, Sammy Garcia, Joe Baker and Sheldon Lefkowitz, “Survey and Remediation Project at the DOE Bannister Site”, WM2016 Conference, March 6 – 10, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM16-16280)
Download: WM16-16280-KC-v2-Survey-and-Remediation-Project-at-the-DOE-Bannister-Site 406.3 KB
RadSearch
Gamma Camera for radiation detection, contamination surveying and measuring Remote Handled (RH) Waste. ANTECH Model G3050 RadSearch: Radioactivity and Decommissioning Monitor.
Ma12c John A. Mason, Marc R. Looman, Adam J. Poundall, Daniel Pancake and Richard Creed, Development and Testing of a Novel Gamma ray Camera for Radiation Surveying, Contamination Measurement and Radiation Detection, Proceedings of INMM12, Orlando, Florida, July 2012. (12-A-409-INMM)
Ma13b J. A. Mason, R. Creed, M. R. Looman, D. Pancake, A. J. Poundall and A. C. N. Towner, “Testing and Performance Validation of a Sensitive Gamma Ray Camera Designed for Radiation Detection and Decommissioning Measurements in Nuclear Facilities- 13044”, WM2013 Conference, February 24 – 28, 2013, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM13-13044)
Pa13b Daniel Pancake, “RadSearch Gamma Camera provides characterization data for Argonne National Laboratory”, Nuclear Decommissioning Report, Issue 1, Volume 3, January 2013.
Cr14 Richard Creed, Marc R. Looman, John A. Mason, Gary L. Lusk and Mark Sherick, “Radsearch Measurements for the Quantification of Cesium and Cobalt in Legacy Sodium Loop Section Waste”, Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, July 20 – 24, 2014. (14-A-368-INMM)
Segmented Gamma Scanner
Mar77 E.R. Martin, D.F. Jones and J. L. Parker, “Gamma Ray Measurements with the Segmented Gamma Scan” (LA-7059-M), Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Report LA-7059-M, December 1977 (LA-7059-M)
Ma15a J. A. Mason, M. R. Looman, E. R. Martin, L. V. Odell, M. Piotrowski, Adam Poundall, William Tansey and A. C. N. Towner, “Design, Development and Testing of an Automated Segmented Gamma Scanner for Measuring Nuclear Power Station Radioactive Waste”, Proceedings of INMM15, Indian Wells, CA, July 2015. (15-A-473-INMM)
Download: Mar77-Gamma-Ray-Measurements-with-the-Segmented-Gamma-Scan-LA-7059-M3 602.24 KB
Segregated Waste Clearance Monitor for free release (Bag Monitor)
ANTECH Series G3301 Segregated Waste Clearance Monitors for free release.
Ma13c J. A. Mason, G. Beaven, K. J. Burke, R. Spence and A. C. N. Towner, “Testing and Performance Validation of a Shielded Waste Segregation and Clearance Monitor Designed for the Measurement of Low Level Waste-13043”, WM2013 Conference, February 24 – 28, 2013, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM13-13043)
Tomographic Gamma Scanner (TGS)
ANTECH Model G3850 Tomographic Gamma Scanner.
Es01 Robert J. Estep, Shane Dittrich, John Mason, Matt Piotrowski and Mike Thornton, “Assay of Uranium Oxide Product Canisters Using Constrained Tomographic Gamma Scanning (TGS)”, Proceedings of the 8th Environmental Management Non-destructive Assay Characterization Conference, Denver, Colorado, USA, 11 – 12 December 2001
Ma03b J. A. Mason, A. C. Tolchard, A. C. N. Towner, K. J. Burke, R. A. Price, S. Dittrich, M. Piotrowski, F. Zurey and D. Walraven, “A Tomographic Segmented Gamma Scanner for the Measurement of Decommissioning Wastes”, Proceedings of ICEM03, Examination School, Oxford, England, September 2003. (ICEM03-4658)
Download: Es01-Assay-of-UO2-by-Constrained-Tomographic-Gamma-Scanner 150.69 KB
Waste Characterisation System (WCS)
Ma01 J. A. Mason, W. Hage, R. Price, A. C. Tolchard, A. Towner, B. H. Pedersen, R. Estep and S. Melton, “Combined Technology Automated Waste Characterization System”, Proceedings of the 8th Environmental Management Non-destructive Assay Characterization Conference, Denver, Colorado, USA, 11 – 12 December 2001
Ma03c J. A. Mason, W. Hage, R. A. Price, A. C. Tolchard and A. C. N. Towner, “An Automated Non-destructive Assay System for the Measurement and Characterization of Radioactive Waste”, Proceedings of ICEM03, Examination School, Oxford, England, September 2003. (ICEM03-4654)
Ma09c J. A. Mason, M. R. Looman and R. A. Price, “Design and Operation of the Combined Technology Automated Waste Characterization System”, Proceedings of INMM09, Liverpool, England, October 2009. (ICEM09-16361)
Ma11b J. A. Mason, M. R. Looman and R. A. Price, “Design and Operation of the Combined Technology Automated Waste Characterisation System“, Proceedings of INMM11, Palm Springs, CA, July 2011. (11-A-429-INMM)
Ma11d J. A. Mason, M. R. Looman and R. A. Price, “Design and Operation of the Combined Technology Automated Waste Characterisation System”, Proceedings of ICEM11, Reims, Champagne Congres, France, September 2011. (ICEM11-59308)
Download: Ma01-Combined-Technology-Waste-Characterization-System 88.25 KB
Wide Range-Segmented Gamma Scanner (WR-SGS)
SGS design for the measurement of both high activity and low activity waste in drums with both high and low density. ANTECH Model G3250-220.
Ma11a J. A. Mason, M. R. Looman, R. A. Price, A. C. N. Towner, R. Kvarnström and H. Lampen, “Design and Operation of a Wide Range Segmented Gamma Ray Scanning Assay Instrument for the Measurement of both Low and Intermediate Level Waste”, Proceedings of INMM11, Palm Springs, CA, July 2011. (11-A-424-INMM)
Ma11c J. A. Mason, M. R. Looman, A. C. N. Towner, K. Fernando, R. Wong, R. A. Price, B. Taylor and P. Anderson, “Calibration and Validation of a Wide Range Segmented Gamma ray Scanning Instrument for the Measurement of Low and Intermediate Level Waste”, Proceedings of ICEM11, Reims, Champagne Congres, France, September 2011. (ICEM11-59304)
Ma13a J. A. Mason, M. R. Looman, L. V. Odell, A. J. Poundall, A. C. N. Towner, D. Hong, W. Jang, K. Kwak, S. Seo and M. Piotrowski, “Design and Testing of a Novel Wide Range – Segmented Gamma Scanner Incorporating Tomographic Gamma Scanning for Measuring both Low and Intermediate Level Waste in Drums-13470”, WM2013 Conference, February 24 – 28, 2013, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM13-13470)
Ma16 John A. Mason, Marc R. Looman, Lawrence V. Odell, Matt Piotrowski, Will Tansey, Antony C. N. Towner and Zhang Wei, “Development of a Wide Range Segmented Gamma Scanner for Measuring Radioactive Wastes Arising in the Chinese Nuclear Industry”, WM2016 Conference, March 6 – 10, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. (WM16-16261)